Crops

Beetroot harvest: when we lift and what decides the quality

When we harvest beetroot for processing, why frost is the limit and what decides the extract, colour and size grade of the root between field and line.

Agro-Malz TeamSeptember 12, 20266 min read
A halved beetroot with deep red flesh and beetroot in red net sacks

We harvest beetroot from the end of September through October, always before the first hard frosts. We set the date against three things at once: the size grade of the root, the buyer's order and the weather, because those decide whether a batch is fit for processing or for the fresh market. Beetroot is one of the 8 items in our offer and we run it in the same rhythm as onions, that is for a specific buyer.

When we harvest beetroot

The harvest date is always a compromise. Every extra week in the field means a bigger root and a higher yield, but also the risk of oversizing, cracking and frost. So we plan the harvest from several signals at once.

SignalWhat we do about it
The root has reached the target size gradewe set the date, because further growth spoils the evenness of the batch
A forecast of hard frostswe bring the harvest forward, a frozen root loses its market value
An order for the fresh marketwe lift in batches, so the produce goes straight from field to line
Rain and a soaked fieldwe wait, because a wet harvest means bruising and soil contamination

The beetroot harvest falls in the same window as the potato lifting, so we plan the order of the fields well ahead. The batches agreed for immediate delivery come off first, and the ones meant to lie longer come last.

Why frost is the limit

Of the autumn vegetables, beetroot is one of the more frost-sensitive. A frozen root turns glassy and soft once it thaws, and inside it starts to break down, which you cannot see from the outside straight away. A batch like that can pass the intake check without objections and only spoil in the warehouse, which is why the whole industry watches the harvest date so closely.

In the store, stability is what counts. Beetroot copes badly with swings in temperature and with freezing, so we make sure the conditions in the warehouse stay even for the whole time it lies there, with no jumps that weaken the root.

Beetroot hit by frost cannot be rescued by sorting. So when a sharp drop in temperature is forecast, we drop the other jobs and lift, even if the root would still put on a little weight.

Extract and colour, or what the processor checks

A processor does not look at the yield, but at what is left after processing. Three parameters count: the extract, that is the content of dissolved solids measured in degrees Brix, in practice mainly sugars, an even flesh colour with no pale rings, and the hardness of the root. We agree the required extract level with the buyer when contracting.

That is why we pick varieties for a high extract: Wodan, Monty, Chisel and Titan. Wodan also covers both sales directions for us at once, because it combines hardness with an even, deep colour. We write about it separately in our post on Wodan beetroot.

  • The extract (Brix) decides the efficiency and the taste of the product after heat treatment.
  • Colour and the absence of rings translate directly into the look of the finished product.
  • Hardness means fewer losses on the line and less bruising in transport.
  • Size grade sets the direction of the batch: an even, medium root for processing, tighter uniformity for the fresh market.

From field to line, how we run the harvest

In practice the beetroot harvest is three stages: topping, that is removing the leaves just above the root, lifting and loading. Each of them can spoil the produce, because bruised or scuffed roots darken and rot faster. So we set the pace of work for the quality of the batch, not for a daily record, just as we do when harvesting onions with a harvester.

From there a batch takes one of two roads. Produce for immediate delivery goes straight onto the line: washing, size grading and a check piece by piece. The optical sorter scans the roots with cameras at up to 100 tonnes per hour and rejects stones, clods of soil and pieces with defects, and how it works we show in our post on the DOWNS CropVision optical sorter.

Produce meant to lie longer goes into the store unwashed, because a wet root rots in the warehouse. It goes through the line only before release, just before dispatch to the buyer.

Washed beetroot on the belt of the sorting line at Agro-Malz
We wash, size grade and check piece by piece before dispatch, not before putting the produce into the store.

We set aside part of our own 13 000 tonne store for beetroot, which lets us spread deliveries beyond the peak of the season, when there is less fresh beetroot on the market.

What this means for processors and packing houses

A well-run harvest shows on the buyer's side: roots in the size grade ordered, an even colour and batches lifted before hard frost, so the produce does not surprise anyone in the warehouse. We test every batch for pesticide residues, heavy metals and substances hazardous to health, and we run the farm in line with GlobalG.A.P., GRASP and the principles of Integrated Plant Production.

We match the delivery format to the buyer's line: loose, big bags, 15 kg and 10 kg sacks and smaller. We have gathered the full specification in our beetroot offer. If you are planning a purchase for the season, write to us, and before a larger order we can send a free sample.

Frequently asked questions

In Poland usually from the end of September through October, before the first hard frosts. The exact date depends on the size grade of the root, the weather forecast and when the delivery is agreed for.

The root will take light ground frosts, but a harder frost damages it. Frozen beetroot goes soft after thawing and starts to spoil from the inside, so when a drop in temperature is forecast we lift earlier.

The higher the better for the efficiency of the product. We agree the required level with the buyer when contracting, and for a high extract we pick the varieties Wodan, Monty, Chisel and Titan.

No. We put the roots into the store unwashed, because wet beetroot rots in the warehouse. We wash, size grade and sort before releasing a batch, so the buyer gets produce ready for the line.

Loose, big bags and 15 kg, 10 kg and smaller sacks. We match the format to the buyer's line, and we grade the batches so the roots in a pack are even.

Let's talk about delivery

Tell us what you need and by when. We reply with a straight answer, usually the same day.

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Author: Agro-Malz Team

Published: September 12, 2026

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